Hand sanitation practices within clinical settings: its knowledge and practice among students of Peshawar Medical College [PMC]

Introduction: Healthcare-associated infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Hand hygiene is regarded as the most effective method of prevention but is poorly performed by health workers. Maintaining adequate hand hygiene remains amongst the three requisites of good health. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge regarding different hand sanitation techniques and various factors responsible for non-compliance among students of Peshawar Medical College

Material and Methods: It was a cross-sectional survey based on self-administered questionnaire carried out at Peshawar Medical College. Self-designed questionnaire was distributed and responses obtained from students after their informed consents. SPSS 15 was used for analyzing data

Results: Response rate of the students was 51.6%. In total 87[56.1%] students were male and 68[43.9%] were female. Prevention in transmission of resistant microbes among patients in clinical settings was reported negative by the students [65.8%], the seven standardized steps were known by 42.6% of the students whereas 39.6% students applied it in clinical settings

Conclusion: Awareness about standardized steps of hand sanitation was not adequate among these medical students in the clinical settings; using soap and water for hand sanitation was found to be an effective tool for reducing surface tension between dirt and skin. Non-availability of hand sanitizers and careless attitude to medical students was considered as one of poor compliances. Findings may be considered important in controlling various factors responsible for poor adherence to different hand hygiene practices among medical students in clinical settings

Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound and X-ray kub in ureteric colic taking CT as gold standard

The objective of the study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound, X-ray KUB and CT for the diagnosis of ureteral colic in patients with acute flank pain. This study was carried out in Department of Radiology Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation [SIUT] from Aug 2010 to Nov 2010. A total of 190 patients with mean age of 35 years were included in the study. All individuals underwent pre procedural imaging X-ray KUB, U/S and CT. On these imaging modalities obstruction of urinary tract and stones were determined. X-ray KUB was done as a guide for U/S exam only. Ureteral stones were confirmed in 190 patients. Specificity for ct was 100% whereas X-ray KUB and U/S was 94% and 76% respectively. Sensitivity for CT 100%, U/S 52.6% and X-ray KUB 89.5% respectively. Some stones were not detected by U/S and few stones were not detected on X-ray KUB due to bowel gases. Cases were correctly diagnosed with all three techniques. CT is the most reliable technique for the detection of uretric stones however, X-ray and U/S also be chosen alternative to CT with a reduce radiation dose

Diagnostic accuracy of MRI in differentiating non-muscle invasive from muscle invasive bladder carcinoma taking histopathological staging as a standard

To Determine Diagnostic accuracy Of MRI in differentiating non-muscle invasive from muscle invasive bladder carcinoma taking Histopathological staging as a standard. The data of 53 patients with bladder tumor who previously confirmed by cystoscopy were examined at 1.5 T, images were obtained and analyzed by radiologist without knowledge of the tumor stage. T2-weighted spin-echo or turbo-spin-echo, and dynamic Ti-weighted fast gradient-echo sequences were used. Histopathological grading served as standard of reference. Compared with the results submitted from the histopathology unit and using more detailed TNM classification, the sensitivity, specificity, and percent accuracy of MRI was 91%, 86%, 85% respectively. This data confirms the under-staging of the bladder tumor invasion done histopathologically while MR is a promising, non-invasive technique for the detection of bladder lesions with a high diagnostic performance